Title : Anticancer effect of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in human breast cancer cells in vitro

Authors : CHEPPAIL RAMACHANDRAN

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women accounting for about 1 out of 3 cancer cases in the US and 41760 deaths. Most of the metastatic breast cancers that are negative for progesterone, estrogen and HER2/neu are often aggressive and non-curable. Integrative treatment modalities combining complementary and alternative medicines along with conventional chemotherapeutics would be beneficial for improving the therapeutic efficiency and quality of life for breast cancer patients. We have investigated on the anticancer effects of supercritical CO2 extract of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb. - CA) in breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) as well as transformed pre-malignant (MCF-10A) cells and analysed the molecular pathways affected by CA. CA is highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells as compared to MCF-10A cells with significantly lower IC values. CA also inhibited glycolysis by reducing the production of both lactate and ATP, the rate of inhibition being higher in MCF-7 cells than MCF-10 cells. The anticancer effect of CA in breast cancer cells is also demonstrated by the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as compared to MCF-10A cells. Analysis of biomarkers revealed that CA down regulated anti-apoptotic (p53 and Bcl-2), pro-metastatic (MMP-2, MMP-9), pro-inflammatory (COX-2) genes and up regulated pro-apoptotic (Bax, p21 and caspase-3), anti-metastatic (TIMP1) genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results indicated the anti-cancer effect of CA which could be further investigated for its use in breast cancer treatment.

Keywords : breast cancer , mango ginger , apoptosis , glycolysis , gene expression

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Title : EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATIONS IN THE ANTIBIOTICS SENSITIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI BY REPEATED EXPOSURE

Authors : Andry Maharo Andrianarivelo,Christian Emmanuel Mahavy,Marson Raherimandimby,Tsiry Rasamiravaka

antibiotics - repeated exposure : Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli, are habitual residents of the gastrointestinal tract, capable of causing a large number of infections. The MIC varies according to the bacterial strains and the antibiotics used, hence the need to carry out antibiotic sensitivity tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of Escherichia coli after repeated exposure to the same antibiotic to demonstrate a possible correlation between excessive intake of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry (Faculty of Sciences Antananarivo) during the month of November 2019. The strains studied were the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided by the Laboratory and two clinical strains from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center Antananarivo. Repeated exposure to Tobramycin and Ofloxacin of these strains were performed. The results of our study showed that most E. coli is exposed to the antibiotic, the more it develops resistance. The evolution of E. coli's sensitivity is different in the presence of Tobramycin with MICs up to 4 times the starting value while in the presence of Ofloxacin, the MIC increases to 125 times the initial value. This difference may be due to the different target of the antibiotic which causes the bacteria to develop variable mechanisms to escape it.

Keywords : antibiotics - repeated exposure : Enterobacteriaceae , in particular Escherichia coli , are habitual residents of the gastrointestinal tract , capable of causing a large number of infections. The MIC varies according to the bacterial strains and the antibiotics used , hence the need to carry out antibiotic sensitivity tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of Escherichia coli after repeated exposure to the same antibiotic to demonstrate a possible correlation between excessive intake of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry (Faculty of Sciences Antananarivo) during the month of November 2019. The strains studied were the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided by the Laboratory and two clinical strains from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center Antananarivo. Repeated exposure to Tobramycin and Ofloxacin of these strains were performed. The results of our study showed that most E. coli is exposed to the antibiotic , the more it develops resistance. The evolution of E. coli's sensitivity is different in the presence of Tobramycin with MICs up to 4 times the starting value while in the presence of Ofloxacin , the MIC increases to 125 times the initial value. This difference may be due to the different target of the antibiotic which causes the bacteria to develop variable mechanisms to escape it.

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Title : Quantum Relativistic Proton Radiation Therapy of Eye Cancer with Injecting Gold Nanoparticles

Authors : seyede nasrin hosseinimotlagh

eye tumor,relativistic quantum,simulation,proton therapy,nanoparticles : In this work, we use the comprehensive relativistic quantum theory of Bethe- Bloch model and Monte Carlo Geant4 / Gate simulations to calculate the dose distribution in the eye tumor using proton therapy with and without gold nanoparticles(GNPs) injection.The calculation results indicate an increase in the amount of deposited dose in the eye tumor due to the combination of gold nanoparticles with proton therapy. The use of GNPs during proton therapy is beneficial, because these nanoparticles, due to their optical resonance properties, release X-rays due to protons, and these x-rays are produced directly at the tumor site.This study shows that the selection of physical interactions models, variation of concentration injected GNPs, size of the nanoparticles, the selected phantom, size of the tumor, location of the tumor, energy and the geometry of incident proton beam, proton fluence are the basic parameters that affect on the total stopping power, dose distribution, range straggling and mean scattering angle in the eye tumor and not only the dose distribution but also the enhancement of dose, is related to the production of higher energy secondary electrons within the GNPs.

Keywords : eye tumor ,relativistic quantum ,simulation ,proton therapy ,nanoparticles : In this work , we use the comprehensive relativistic quantum theory of Bethe- Bloch model and Monte Carlo Geant4 / Gate simulations to calculate the dose distribution in the eye tumor using proton therapy with and without gold nanoparticles(GNPs) injection.The calculation results indicate an increase in the amount of deposited dose in the eye tumor due to the combination of gold nanoparticles with proton therapy. The use of GNPs during proton therapy is beneficial , because these nanoparticles , due to their optical resonance properties , release X-rays due to protons , and these x-rays are produced directly at the tumor site.This study shows that the selection of physical interactions models , variation of concentration injected GNPs , size of the nanoparticles , the selected phantom , size of the tumor , location of the tumor , energy and the geometry of incident proton beam , proton fluence are the basic parameters that affect on the total stopping power , dose distribution , range straggling and mean scattering angle in the eye tumor and not only the dose distribution but also the enhancement of dose , is related to the production of higher energy secondary electrons within the GNPs.

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Title : Bacterial etiology of osteoarticular and soft tissue infections at the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Centre

Authors : Zakasoa Mbololona RAVAOARISAINA,Tojonirina Jeremie RAKOTOARISOA,Tsiahoana Jean Floris TATA,Aimée Olivat RAKOTO ALSON,Andry RASAMINDRAKOTROKA,Gaëtan Duval SOLOFOMALALA

Orthopedics.

Keywords : Antibiotic resistance

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Manuscript Code : This study was conducted to determine the bacteria responsible for osteoarticular and soft tissue infections in traumatology B and orthopedics wards at the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Centre. This is a prospective descriptive and observational study of osteoarticular and soft tissue infections performed from July 2015 to June 2016. Forty-two patients (5.76%) were included in this study among 728 hospitalized patients. The male gender was the most affected with a sex ratio of 2.81. The average age of the patients was 45 years old. Young people between the ages of 15 and 25 were the most affected by these infections. The particular open trauma was the most risk factor we have met in this study with 35.71% followed by diabetes with 26.19%. The non-use of Check-list during interventions was noted in the risk factor of infection with only 4% of use. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Proteus mirabilis with respectively 45.23%, 11.90% and 9.52%, especially in soft tissue infections. High resistance of Staphylococcus spp strains to Erythromycin was found and one strain was resistant to Meticillin. No strains of extending spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria have been isolated. Osteoarticular and soft tissue infections are common in trauma and orthopedics. Their prevention requires adequate antibiotherapy corresponding to the germs in question or even multidisciplinary care.

Title : HYPOCALCEMIA STUDY IN PARACLINICAL TRAINING AND BIOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH UNIT OF THE JOSEPH RAVOAHANGY ANDRIANAVALONA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CENTER

Authors : Ranaivosoa Miora Koloina,Rakotoarisoa Malalanandrianina,Rakotonindrina Francine Isabelle,Rakoto Alson Olivat,Rasamindrakotroka Andry

albuminemia, total adjusted calcemia, hypocalcemia, biochemistry: The prescription of calcemia dosing is very frequently used to check the existence or not of both hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. This study has been realized in order to identify the patients ratio having true hypocalcemia after comparing the total unadjusted calcemia and the total adjusted calcemia. Results show that during the study period 329 files were kept. The patients average age is 42±20, and the sex-ratio is 0.7. 122 cases (37.3%) of hypocalcemia and 9 cases (2.7%) of unadjusted hypercalcemia were found. Among the 131 cases of dyscalcemia, 58 patients (44.3%) presented hypoalbuminemia. Only 29 cases (51.8%) of real hypocalcemia presented a hypoalbuminemia. Only 29 cases of real hypocalcemia are put in evidence after being readjusted. The total calcemia dosing still stays the most available setting for the calcemia assessment. It is essential to make an adjustment of the albuminemia function when confirming a real hypocalcemia.

Keywords : albuminemia , total adjusted calcemia , hypocalcemia , biochemistry: The prescription of calcemia dosing is very frequently used to check the existence or not of both hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia. This study has been realized in order to identify the patients ratio having true hypocalcemia after comparing the total unadjusted calcemia and the total adjusted calcemia. Results show that during the study period 329 files were kept. The patients average age is 42±20 , and the sex-ratio is 0.7. 122 cases (37.3%) of hypocalcemia and 9 cases (2.7%) of unadjusted hypercalcemia were found. Among the 131 cases of dyscalcemia , 58 patients (44.3%) presented hypoalbuminemia. Only 29 cases (51.8%) of real hypocalcemia presented a hypoalbuminemia. Only 29 cases of real hypocalcemia are put in evidence after being readjusted. The total calcemia dosing still stays the most available setting for the calcemia assessment. It is essential to make an adjustment of the albuminemia function when confirming a real hypocalcemia.

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Title : SCREENING OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ON PREGNANT WOMEN IN MAHAJANGA

Authors : Rivo RAKOTOMALALA,Alain NTOE ZARA,Zoly RAKOTOMALALA,Fenitra RATSITOHAINA,Tahirimalala RABENANDRIANINA,Davidra RAJAONATAHIANA,Norotiana RABESANDRATANA,Olivat RAKOTO ALSON,Pierana RANDAOHARISON,Andry RASAMINDRAKOTROKA

HIV, HBV, syphilis, pregnant women, : In Madagascar, HIV infections and syphilis are monitored in pregnant women. However, hepatitis B research is not included in this program. The objectives of this study were to identify the carriage of HIV or HBV, and to determine the prevalence of syphilis and possible co-infection. This is a prospective, descriptive study conducted at the CSI in Mahajanga from February to April 2016. A total of 95 pregnant women accepted to participate in the study. The average age was 28 years old. The majority had two or more sexual partner (72%). No HIV infection was found. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis B were 7.4% and 5.3%, respectively. It is recommended that pregnant women be vaccinated against HBV and that the Ministry of public health provides free hepatitis B care.

Keywords : HIV , HBV , syphilis , pregnant women , : In Madagascar , HIV infections and syphilis are monitored in pregnant women. However , hepatitis B research is not included in this program. The objectives of this study were to identify the carriage of HIV or HBV , and to determine the prevalence of syphilis and possible co-infection. This is a prospective , descriptive study conducted at the CSI in Mahajanga from February to April 2016. A total of 95 pregnant women accepted to participate in the study. The average age was 28 years old. The majority had two or more sexual partner (72%). No HIV infection was found. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis B were 7.4% and 5.3% , respectively. It is recommended that pregnant women be vaccinated against HBV and that the Ministry of public health provides free hepatitis B care.

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Title : Urinary-Tract infections on pregnant women at Mahajanga

Authors : Rivo Rakotomalala,Jemima Rakotondrasoa ,Francine Rakotonindrina ,Tsiriniaina Ramavoson,Tahirimalala Rabenandrianina ,Davidra Rajaonatahiana ,Pierana Randaoharison,Odilon Tiandaza,Olivat Rakoto Alson,Andry Rasamindrakotroka

Urinary-tract infections, pregnant women, enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus : Urinary-tract infections (UTIs) are common medical condition on pregnant women that could lead to severe consequences for both the mother and the fœtus. A prospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from February to May 2018, at the laboratory of UHC PZaGa, in collaboration with the service of prenatal care (PNC) of the Integrated Health Center (IHC) of Mahabibo. In whole, 210 pregnant women, aged from 15 to 44 were investigated. The average age was 24,9. The UTIs prevalence rate was 6,7% (n=14). Among risk factors, only diabetes had a statistical significance (p<0,001). After clinical findings, asymptomatic forms were predominant with 57,1% (n=8). Among the identified strains, enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus represented 78,6%, n=11). The enterobacteriaceae were predominant with 35,7% Escherichia coli, 21,4% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 21,4% for unidentified strains. Three cases were attributed to Staphylococcus which comprise one isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (7,1%) and 2 negative-coagulase Staphylococci (14,3%). These enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Amoxicillin (70%), to the combination Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (70%), Ceftriaxone (10%), Ciprofloxacin (30%) and to Gentamicine (70%). One strain of K. pneumoniae was assigned with multidrug resistance and producer of extended spectrum beta-lactamase. The UTIs prevalence on pregnant women is not minor though it does not represent a concern in epidemiological view. Therapy is advised and must be adapted to the clinical case.

Keywords : Urinary-tract infections , pregnant women , enterobacteriaceae , staphylococcus : Urinary-tract infections (UTIs) are common medical condition on pregnant women that could lead to severe consequences for both the mother and the fœtus. A prospective , descriptive and analytical study was conducted from February to May 2018 , at the laboratory of UHC PZaGa , in collaboration with the service of prenatal care (PNC) of the Integrated Health Center (IHC) of Mahabibo. In whole , 210 pregnant women , aged from 15 to 44 were investigated. The average age was 24 ,9. The UTIs prevalence rate was 6 ,7% (n=14). Among risk factors , only diabetes had a statistical significance (p<0 ,001). After clinical findings , asymptomatic forms were predominant with 57 ,1% (n=8). Among the identified strains , enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus represented 78 ,6% , n=11). The enterobacteriaceae were predominant with 35 ,7% Escherichia coli , 21 ,4% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 21 ,4% for unidentified strains. Three cases were attributed to Staphylococcus which comprise one isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (7 ,1%) and 2 negative-coagulase Staphylococci (14 ,3%). These enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Amoxicillin (70%) , to the combination Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (70%) , Ceftriaxone (10%) , Ciprofloxacin (30%) and to Gentamicine (70%). One strain of K. pneumoniae was assigned with multidrug resistance and producer of extended spectrum beta-lactamase. The UTIs prevalence on pregnant women is not minor though it does not represent a concern in epidemiological view. Therapy is advised and must be adapted to the clinical case.

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Title : Factors associated with thrombocytosis at the University Hospital of Befelatanana Antananarivo

Authors : Zafindrasoa Domoina Rakotovao-Ravahatra,Fidiniaina Mamy RANDRIATSARAFARA,Andriamiadana Luc RAKOTOVAO,Andry RASAMINDRAKOTROKA

Thrombocytosis are conditions frequently encountered in hospitals. This study aims to describe the factors associated with thrombocytosis in hospital patients and out patients. We undertook a case-control study of thrombocytosis between December 01, 2017, and May 31, 2018 in the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana. Cases are represented by patients who had thrombocytosis in complete blood count. Controls had no thrombocytosis in complete blood count and were matched with cases each day of laboratory analysis. In this study, thrombocytosis decreases with age. Subjects older than 60 years are the least affected (OR, 0.16, 95% CI, 0.05-0.49). Women are less affected than men (OR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.05-1.59). Thrombocytosis is often discovered accidentally during a health check (OR = 4.78, 95% CI, 1.76-13.21) and frequently affects outpatients. The cases present more abnormalities of blood cells than the controls. These abnormalities are mainly represented by anemia (OR=8.01, 95%CI, 3.55-18.5) and hyperleucocytosis OR=(3.73, 95% CI, 1.69-8.37). Similarly, severe thrombocytosis is significantly associated with leukocytosis (p = 0.02). The blood count should be prescribed for all patients to identify the thrombocytosis that will be treated simultaneously with the disease. Thus, patients will have a good follow-up and their life expectancy will be improved.

Keywords : Blood count , thrombocytosis , hyperleucocytosis , infection.

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Title : Turnaround time of analyses results requested in emergencies in paraclinical training and biochemistry research unit of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center

Authors : Alain Ntoezara,Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa,Styvio Velonjara,Olivat Rakoto Alison,Andry Rasamindrakotroka

Turnaround time of analyses results, urgent biochemical parameters,period of on-call duty.:The Turnaround time of analyses results is defined as the delay from biological prescription to the results delivery. The medical decision often depends on the results of biological tests. The purpose of this study is to analyse quantitatively the delay of the results delivery period of the biochemical tests which are urgently requested. It is a prospective and descriptive study on a period of a whole week done in Paraclinical Training and Biochemistry Research Unit of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center during the period of the on- call duty. A total of 129 files were recorded. The delay of the delivery of average results is 295 minutes with extremes of 35 and 368 minutes. The majority of requests contains 3 parameters per request. Many causes of the delay of the results are identified in this study such as the lack of staff in care services and at the laboratory, a long analysis circuit, the absence of automation of the pre and post analytic stages within our laboratory.

Keywords : Turnaround time of analyses results , urgent biochemical parameters ,period of on-call duty.:The Turnaround time of analyses results is defined as the delay from biological prescription to the results delivery. The medical decision often depends on the results of biological tests. The purpose of this study is to analyse quantitatively the delay of the results delivery period of the biochemical tests which are urgently requested. It is a prospective and descriptive study on a period of a whole week done in Paraclinical Training and Biochemistry Research Unit of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center during the period of the on- call duty. A total of 129 files were recorded. The delay of the delivery of average results is 295 minutes with extremes of 35 and 368 minutes. The majority of requests contains 3 parameters per request. Many causes of the delay of the results are identified in this study such as the lack of staff in care services and at the laboratory , a long analysis circuit , the absence of automation of the pre and post analytic stages within our laboratory.

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Title : Haematological and Biochemical perturbations related to cardiovascular diseases seen in the University Hospital Center of Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar

Authors : Zafindrasoa Domoina Rakotovao Ravahatra,Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa,Fidiniaina Mamy Randriatsarafara,Andriamiadana Luc Rakotovao,Andry Rasamindrakotroka

plasma creatinine

Keywords : Cardiovascular diseases

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Manuscript Code : Cardiovascular disease is a real public health problem. This study aims to describe the haematological and biochemical perturbations related to this disease in order to ensure a better management of the patients.Thisretrospective and descriptive study covers a period of 20 months at the Laboratory Unit of University Hospital Center Joseph RasetaBefelatanana Antananarivo. All results of haematological and biochemical tests of patients with cardiovascular disease were exploited.Among the 547 patients with cardiovascular diseases, 416 (76.1%) (IC95: 72.2-79.5) had one or more perturbations of the biological tests. As for the biochemical perturbations, 155 patients (28.3%) had high plasma creatinine, 230 patients (42%) had high plasma urea and 84 patients (15.4%) hyperglycemia. The neutrophilic leukocytosis (20.3%), leukopenia (15.7%), normocytic anemia (14.4%), polycythemia (7.5%), thrombocytosis (6.8%) and thrombocytopenia (6.6%) were the most observed haematological perturbations. The elevation of plasma creatinine was significantly associated with normocytic anemia (85.1%) (p = 0.002). Patients with cerebral vascular accidents had neutrophilic leukocytosis in the majority of cases (79.4%) (p = 0.03).A blood count and a complete biochemical test should be prescribed in any patient with cardiovascular disease to better follow the evolution and the prognosis of the disease in order to improve the management of the patient.

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Literature source for ethical standard

• Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.
• Graf C, Wager E, Bowman A, Fiack S, Scott-Lichter D, Robinson A. Best Practice Guidelines on Publication Ethics: a publisher's perspective. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2007 Jan;61(152):1-26.
• International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication. 2006.
• American Psychological Association. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, Section 8 ‘Research and Publication’.
• American Chemical Society. Ethical Guidelines.