Enterococci are common cause of hospital acquired infection and have become progressively more resistant to antibiotic. Among the 13 Enterococcus species ninety percentage of Enterococcal infection are due to Enterococcus faecalis .E. faecalis is a causative agent for nosocomial infection. The present study was carried out to asses the changing trends in antibiotic susceptibility of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples from Gulbarga region.122 samples were collected from various hospitals and diagnostic centers in Gulbarga region. The clinical isolates were identified by Facklam and Collins conventional method. The susceptibility tests were done against vancomycin, ampicillin, oxacillin, rifamycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, gentamycin, teicoplanin and streptomycin by Kirby bauer method. MIC of resistant E. faecalis isolates were determined by NCCLS method. In our study, E. faecalis strains found to be 50% multi-drug resistant and the resistance was more in case of vancomycin antibiotic. The E. faecium isolates showed high resistance to gentamycin and streptomycin among the few MDR strains. E. durans were susceptible to all the antibiotic expect streptomycin and E. gallinarium were found susceptible to all antibiotics. The MIC’s determined of the 12 strains, showed the prevalence of HLAR and HLGR among the E .faecalis isolates. The present study reveals for the first time emergence of vanocmycin resistant enterococci from this part of world and indicates the magnitude of antibiotic resistance in and around the study area.

 Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are considered as safe additives to control the frequent development of pathogens and spoiling microbes in food and feed. The present study deals with the screening of three standard strains of lactobacilli like Lactobacillus casei(NCIM No. 2732), Lactobacillus fermentum(NCIM No. 2166) and Lactobacillus plantarum(NCIM No. 2373) for bacteriocin production. The antibacterial activity was analyzed against two food borne pathogens, E.coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the three strains, L.caseiwas found to be the most potent based on the zones of inhibition recorded against both the test organisms. The L.caseibacteriocin was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Physico-chemical characterization of the partially purified bacteriocin revealed that the compound was relatively stable up to 700C for 30 min. Further heat treatment led to complete loss of activity. The pH stability studies of bacteriocin showed that there was a significant increase in the antibacterial activity from a pH of 3-7; no activity was recorded beyond pH 11. Evaluation of antibacterial activity at different storage periods at 40C revealed that up to 7 days the activity was stable and thereafter there was a gradual decrease in the activity. The proteinaceous nature of bacteriocin was confirmed by treatment with trypsin.

 Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is being used as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow reconstitution. Separation, processing and cry preservation of UCB samples in large numbers for storage in cord blood banks ideally needs to be partially automated to allow large numbers of samples to be processed efficiently. Aim of the present study was to carried out for standardization of collection, processing, cry preservation and quantification of CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood. A total of 420 umbilical cord blood units were collected. Samples were analyzed for CD34+ cells concentration and viability of mononuclear cells were done on all the samples. The mean of the CD34+ cells concentration was 1.99± 0.82 % (range 0.4-4.5) on baseline period. The mean of the CD34+ cells concentration was 1.14± 0.85 % (range 0.2-3.8) on six month. The mean of the viability of mononuclear cells was 81.80 ±3.73℅ (range 76-91) on baseline period. The viability of mononuclear cells count at six month was 64.24± 2.70℅ (range 61-70). The viability loss of mononuclear cells from baseline to six month was 20.9℅. The mean of the total nucleated cells count was 11.36 ± 4.34 cells/ µl, (0.67- 16.68). In conclusion, the method demonstrates that UCB units can be routinely processed in a closed system that also achieves a significant reduction in storage needs and related costs, while maintaining quantity and quality of the haematopoitic stem cells.

 Keratin waste is generated in large amounts from various industrious as well as a by-product of commercial poultry and leather processing units and is highly resistant to degradation by conventional proteolytic enzymes viz. Pepsin, Papain and Subtilisin. Keratinases are a particular class of proteolytic enzymes that display the capability of degrading insoluble keratin substrates by diverse microbes. In the present study we have tested the keratinolytic ability of our lab isolate Bacillus sp. Ker17 strain by using four different keratin wastes under submerged fermentation at 37 °C temperature and pH 9.0 Among different keratins added to basal medium, nails were effectively degraded about 97.9(±0.2) % within about 5.3 (±0.2) days where soluble protein produced was 37.7 ±2.0 mg/ml and protease activity exhibited at 343.1 ±0.1 U/ml. However, different keratin wastes degradation time varied from 5.3 to12.5 days. Ker17 strain can be an effective tool for the processing and or management of solid keratin litter and gives a remedy for environmental concern over abundant keratinaceous waste conversion to value added product formation in biotech industry with its promising keratinolytic abilities.

 OBJECTIVES – Objective of this study is to evaluate the new bone formation in bony defects after placement of PRP and its efficacy of regenerative potential .

METHOD – Twenty five pediatric patients were selected for the study and PRP was extracted from patients own blood and placed in defect in all patients. Post operative clinical and radiographic observation was done at 1st,4th and 6 th month.

RESULTS – Faster bone healing in all patients was observed.

CONCLUSION – It can be concluded by the study that PRP is a better source of bone induction growth factors and regeneration of bone can be done at faster rate which is a favorable biological response similar to natural healing process

 The influence of the physiological factors on the production of antibacterial metabolite by two actinomycetes strains, LAM1 and LAM2 isolated from fresh water systems of Karimnagar were studied.LAM1 showed highest antibacterial activity after seven days of incubation while LAM2 after ten days of incubation at 30°C. Optimization of antibacterial metabolites in batch cultures has been carried out. All the strains were able to grow in all the tested carbon sources. However maximum zone of inhibition was observed when cultures supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source followed by glucose and starch. Cultures containing fructose and maltose did not show any zone of inhibition. The cultures supplemented with sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have shown highest zone of inhibition followed by peptone. The presence of iron and manganese could play an important role in the promotion of antibiotic production.